{"id":23633,"date":"2020-11-18T06:38:47","date_gmt":"2020-11-18T05:38:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sport-auto.ch\/essais\/?post_type=post&p=23633"},"modified":"2024-02-18T10:59:54","modified_gmt":"2024-02-18T09:59:54","slug":"supertest-influence-masse-sur-freinage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sport-auto.ch\/essais\/supertest-influence-masse-sur-freinage\/","title":{"rendered":"SUPERTEST – L’INFLUENCE DE LA MASSE SUR LE FREINAGE"},"content":{"rendered":"

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L’INFLUENCE DE LA MASSE
SUR LE FREINAGE<\/h1>\n

Le reportage Sport-Auto.ch du 18 novembre 2020<\/h2>\n

R\u00e9daction : Bob de Graffenried
Photographies : Ga\u00ebtan Brunetti, Julien Cavioli, Bob de Graffenried<\/h4>\n

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Dans les cours th\u00e9oriques pour l\u2019obtention du permis de conduire, l\u2019effet de la masse du v\u00e9hicule sur la distance de freinage n\u2019est pas abord\u00e9, contrairement \u00e0 l\u2019effet de la vitesse. Intuitivement, il serait pourtant logique d\u2019admettre qu\u2019un v\u00e9hicule plus lourd aura besoin d\u2019une distance plus longue pour s\u2019arr\u00eater, l\u2019\u00e9nergie cin\u00e9tique variant lin\u00e9airement avec la masse. En m\u00eame temps, certains v\u00e9hicules de plusieurs tonnes donnent l\u2019impression de freiner aussi bien que des voitures l\u00e9g\u00e8res. D\u2019o\u00f9 la question\u00a0: les freins \u00e9tant dimensionn\u00e9s en fonction du v\u00e9hicule, la masse a-t-elle vraiment une influence sur la distance de freinage\u00a0? Afin d\u2019y voir plus clair, nous nous sommes rendus sur la piste de formation \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re du TCS, \u00e0 Cossonay. <\/strong><\/p>\n

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Lorsque j\u2019ai \u00e9voqu\u00e9 l\u2019envie de faire ce test \u00e0 mes coll\u00e8gues, les r\u00e9actions ont fus\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Il faudrait faire une comparaison entre un SUV et ma Lotus\u00a0\u00bb ou encore\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0\u00e7a n\u2019a pas de sens, on sait qu\u2019une voiture l\u00e9g\u00e8re freine plus court, sinon pourquoi les voitures de course sont-elles si l\u00e9g\u00e8res\u00a0? \u00bb. De mon point de vue, il n\u2019aurait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 coh\u00e9rent d\u2019opposer plusieurs v\u00e9hicules \u00e9quip\u00e9s de freins diff\u00e9rents, de pneus diff\u00e9rents, de surfaces de contact au sol diff\u00e9rentes ainsi que d\u2019appuis a\u00e9rodynamiques diff\u00e9rents. Car si \u00e7a se trouve, ajout\u00e9s un \u00e0 un, ces param\u00e8tres ont plus d\u2019influence que la masse\u00a0elle-m\u00eame !<\/p>\n

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\n[\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row padding_mobile=”off” column_padding_mobile=”on” admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” max_width=”800px” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”on” width_unit=”on” custom_width_px=”800px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font=”Raleway||||” text_text_color=”#828282″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ text_orientation=”justified” z_index_tablet=”500″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” use_border_color=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

L\u2019id\u00e9e fut donc la suivante : effectuer des freinages avec le m\u00eame v\u00e9hicule \u00e0 vide puis en augmentant sa masse \u00e0 la charge maximale autoris\u00e9e. L\u2019id\u00e9al pour avoir une charge repr\u00e9sentative de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 et bien r\u00e9partie est d\u2019avoir un v\u00e9hicule \u00e0 7 places dans lequel on ajoutera encore du sable dans le coffre. Pour cette exp\u00e9rience in\u00e9dite, Ford Suisse nous a mis \u00e0 disposition le nouvel Explorer PHEV 3.0L V6<\/a> fort de 457 chevaux (lire notre essai ici<\/a>). Et vu qu\u2019il ne s\u2019agit pas d\u2019un mod\u00e8le vraiment sportif, on ne pourra pas nous dire que ses freins sont surdimensionn\u00e9s !<\/p>\n

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Nous avons ensuite demand\u00e9 au pilote Yann Zimmer de venir effectuer une s\u00e9rie de freinages d\u2019urgence \u00e0 vide, avant de r\u00e9p\u00e9ter l\u2019exercice l\u2019auto charg\u00e9e \u00e0 bloc. Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, le Ford Explorer a tout d\u2019abord \u00e9t\u00e9 pes\u00e9 \u00e0 vide : 2\u2019500 kg (valeur annonc\u00e9e par Ford : 2\u2019466 kg). Puis ce fut au tour de chacun de se peser afin de d\u00e9finir le nombre de sac de sable \u00e0 mettre dans le coffre sans d\u00e9passer la valeur limite. Avec Yann au volant \u2013 le plus l\u00e9ger de la troupe, \u00e7a tombe bien ! \u2013 la configuration \u00ab \u00e0 vide \u00bb p\u00e8se 2\u2019565 kg.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ padding_mobile=”off” column_padding_mobile=”on” admin_label=”Row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” max_width=”800px” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”on” width_unit=”on” custom_width_px=”800px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/sport-auto.ch\/essais\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/TCS-freinages-Ford-Explorer-Julien-3.jpg” show_in_lightbox=”on” align=”center” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Image 2 378×251″ _builder_version=”4.16″ vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”top” animation_duration=”500ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” z_index_tablet=”500″ box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” use_border_color=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/h2>\n

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\n[\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row padding_mobile=”off” column_padding_mobile=”on” admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” max_width=”800px” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”on” width_unit=”on” custom_width_px=”800px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font=”Raleway||||” text_text_color=”#828282″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ text_orientation=”justified” z_index_tablet=”500″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” use_border_color=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Mais avant de partir, une prise de temp\u00e9rature s\u2019impose. Sur les 10 participants, 5 pr\u00e9tendent que l\u2019augmentation de la masse se traduira par une distance de freinage allong\u00e9e, alors que les 5 autres \u2013 dont je fais partie ! \u2013 pensent que la masse ne jouera aucun r\u00f4le sur la distance de freinage. Dans notre sondage Instagram, vous avez \u00e9t\u00e9 56% \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre en faveur d\u2019un allongement de la distance d\u2019arr\u00eat lorsque la masse augmente. Mais savez-vous que d\u2019apr\u00e8s le magazine allemand Auto Motor und Sport, une Audi RS4 freine aussi bien qu\u2019une Lotus Elise Club Racer et mieux qu\u2019une Alfa Romeo 4C, presque deux fois plus l\u00e9g\u00e8re <\/a>?<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ padding_mobile=”off” column_padding_mobile=”on” admin_label=”Row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” max_width=”800px” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”on” width_unit=”on” custom_width_px=”800px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/sport-auto.ch\/essais\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/TCS-freinages-Ford-Explorer-Julien-11.jpg” show_in_lightbox=”on” align=”center” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Image 2 378×251″ _builder_version=”4.16″ vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”top” animation_duration=”500ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” z_index_tablet=”500″ box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” use_border_color=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/h2>\n

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\n[\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row padding_mobile=”off” column_padding_mobile=”on” admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” max_width=”800px” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”on” width_unit=”on” custom_width_px=”800px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font=”Raleway||||” text_text_color=”#828282″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ text_orientation=”justified” z_index_tablet=”500″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” use_border_color=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Yann s\u2019\u00e9lance tout d\u2019abord sur le plat \u00e0 une vitesse de 50 km\/h avant de freiner \u00e0 fond \u00e0 trois reprises. Verdict : 11 m\u00e8tres<\/strong>. Il s\u2019\u00e9lance ensuite \u00e0 100 km\/h et r\u00e9alise plusieurs freinages en 44 m\u00e8tres<\/strong>. Gr\u00e9gory Junod, responsable de la piste du TCS qui coordonne les op\u00e9rations, est content : \u00ab Lorsqu\u2019on double la vitesse, la distance d\u2019arr\u00eat doit \u00eatre multipli\u00e9e par 4, ce qui se confirme parfaitement ici \u00bb. A noter que la th\u00e9orie indique une distance de freinage de 12,5 m \u00e0 50 km\/h et 50 m \u00e0 100 km\/h. Premi\u00e8re constatation : malgr\u00e9 ses plus de 2\u2019500 kg, le Ford Explorer s\u2019arr\u00eate sur une distance inf\u00e9rieure aux valeurs th\u00e9oriques.<\/p>\n

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Yann r\u00e9p\u00e8te ensuite l\u2019exercice dans une descente de 9%. A 50 km\/h, il lui faudra 1 m\u00e8tre de plus que sur le plat, soit 12 m\u00e8tres<\/strong>. Il r\u00e9p\u00e8te ensuite l\u2019exercice \u00e0 80 km\/h et s\u2019arr\u00eate en 33 m\u00e8tres<\/strong> (la marge de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ne permettant pas d\u2019arriver \u00e0 100 km\/h dans la descente).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ padding_mobile=”off” column_padding_mobile=”on” admin_label=”Row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” max_width=”800px” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”on” width_unit=”on” custom_width_px=”800px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/sport-auto.ch\/essais\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/TCS-freinages-Ford-Explorer-Gaetan-29.jpg” show_in_lightbox=”on” align=”center” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Image 2 378×251″ _builder_version=”4.16″ vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”top” animation_duration=”500ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” z_index_tablet=”500″ box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” use_border_color=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/h2>\n

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Il est maintenant temps de charger le v\u00e9hicule. Entre les 6 passagers et les 75 kg de sable, 559 kg ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9s, soit une augmentation de 22% portant la masse du Ford Explorer \u00e0 3\u2019124 kg<\/strong>. Apr\u00e8s adaptation de la pression des pneus, Yann s\u2019\u00e9lance d\u2019abord sur le plat \u00e0 50 km\/h et stoppe le Ford Explorer sur 11 m\u00e8tres, soit la m\u00eame distance qu\u2019\u00e0 vide. Gr\u00e9gory ne semble pas trop surpris et me lance \u00ab Tu vas voir, \u00e0 100 km\/h, on va voir l\u2019effet de la charge sur le freinage ! \u00bb Et cela se confirme : charg\u00e9 \u00e0 bloc, le Ford Explorer freine d\u00e9sormais en 45,5 m\u00e8tres<\/strong>, soit 1,5 m\u00e8tres de plus qu\u2019\u00e0 vide. Cet \u00e9cart ne repr\u00e9sente toutefois que 3,5% d\u2019allongement de la distance d\u2019arr\u00eat. \u00ab\u00a0Mais en cas d\u2019accident, \u00e7a peut tout changer\u00a0\u00bb glisse Gr\u00e9gory.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ padding_mobile=”off” column_padding_mobile=”on” admin_label=”Row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” max_width=”800px” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”on” width_unit=”on” custom_width_px=”800px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/sport-auto.ch\/essais\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/TCS-freinages-Ford-Explorer-Julien-50b.jpg” show_in_lightbox=”on” align=”center” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Image 2 378×251″ _builder_version=”4.16″ vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”top” animation_duration=”500ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” z_index_tablet=”500″ box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” use_border_color=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/h2>\n

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Gr\u00e9gory poursuit \u00ab Maintenant, dans la descente, la diff\u00e9rence va \u00eatre encore plus marqu\u00e9e. \u00bb Et pourtant, les freinages \u00e0 50 km\/h donnent le m\u00eame r\u00e9sultat, \u00e0 savoir 12 m\u00e8tres.<\/strong> La vid\u00e9o indiquera m\u00eame une dur\u00e9e de freinage plus courte de 0.066 secondes en moyenne, soit une r\u00e9duction de 45 cm \u00e0 supposer que la d\u00e9c\u00e9l\u00e9ration du v\u00e9hicule soit constante (mesure par vid\u00e9o d\u00e9taill\u00e9e ci-apr\u00e8s).<\/p>\n

Mais le plus surprenant reste \u00e0 venir. Lorsque Yann s\u2019\u00e9lance \u00e0 80 km\/h avec ses 6 camarades masqu\u00e9s et les 75 kg de sable virevoltant \u00e0 chaque \u00ab saut \u00bb dans la descente, le suspense est \u00e0 son comble. Yann plante sur les freins et r\u00e9alise l\u2019impossible : il freine en 31,5 m\u00e8tres<\/strong>, soit 1,5 m\u00e8tre de moins qu\u2019\u00e0 vide ! Gr\u00e9gory regarde Yann d\u2019un air pantois \u00ab L\u00e0 c\u2019est pas possible, tu as d\u00fb freiner avant les c\u00f4nes ! \u00bb Le freinage \u00e0 80 km\/h sera effectu\u00e9 5 fois, mais la distance n\u00e9cessaire sera syst\u00e9matiquement plus courte qu\u2019\u00e0 vide.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_color=”#ffffff” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/sport-auto.ch\/essais\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/TCS-freinages-Ford-Explorer-Bob-11.jpg” parallax=”on” parallax_method=”off” vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ custom_padding=”520px||520px|” custom_padding_tablet=”50px|0px|50px|0px” custom_padding_phone=”” z_index_tablet=”500″ custom_css_main_element=”min-height:400px;” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ max_width=”1080px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ max_width=”800px” z_index_tablet=”0″ box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font=”Raleway||||” text_text_color=”#828282″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ text_orientation=”justified” z_index_tablet=”500″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” use_border_color=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Mais comment cela est-ce possible ? Les images vont nous permettre d’affiner l’hypoth\u00e8se \u00e9mise lors du d\u00e9briefing sur place. Une vingtaine de m\u00e8tres avant le point de freinage, le passage du plat \u00e0 la descente se fait de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s nette, ce qui repr\u00e9sente une d\u00e9compression pour le v\u00e9hicule qui d\u00e9colle l\u00e9g\u00e8rement. Avant de retrouver une assiette stable, la caisse du v\u00e9hicule oscille ensuite \u00e0 plusieurs reprises.<\/p>\n

Lorsqu’il n’y a que le conducteur \u00e0 bord du Ford Explorer<\/a>, la vid\u00e9o montre que le freinage va r\u00e9duire ce mouvement d’oscillation ; l’arri\u00e8re se d\u00e9leste durant tout le freinage. Mais lorsqu’il est charg\u00e9 de 559 kg suppl\u00e9mentaires, l’oscillation du train arri\u00e8re perdure, ce qui laisse supposer que les roues arri\u00e8re vont pouvoir retransmettre davantage de force de freinage au sol, d’o\u00f9 une distance de freinage r\u00e9duite. Afin de valider pleinement cette hypoth\u00e8se, il aurait fallu comparer le r\u00e9sultat avec un freinage r\u00e9alis\u00e9 dans une descente sans d\u00e9compression pr\u00e9alable, puisqu’il s’agit l\u00e0 d’un cas tr\u00e8s particulier ind\u00e9pendant de notre volont\u00e9.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ max_width=”800px” z_index_tablet=”0″ box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/sport-auto.ch\/essais\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/TCS-freinages-Ford-Explorer-402.jpg” show_in_lightbox=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ z_index_tablet=”0″ box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ max_width=”800px” z_index_tablet=”0″ box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.20.2″ text_font=”Raleway||||” text_text_color=”#828282″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ text_orientation=”justified” z_index_tablet=”500″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” use_border_color=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

En conclusion, l\u2019effet de la masse sur la distance de freinage n\u2019a pas encore livr\u00e9 tous ses secrets. Outre la descente qui s\u2019est finalement av\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00eatre un contre-exemple dans ce cas pr\u00e9cis, il serait int\u00e9ressant de r\u00e9aliser cet exercice sur rev\u00eatement mouill\u00e9 et enneig\u00e9, ainsi que de comparer les tendances entre diff\u00e9rents v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 vide et charg\u00e9s. Certains v\u00e9hicules de transport, comme le Bucher Duro de l\u2019arm\u00e9e suisse, sont par exemple con\u00e7us pour s\u2019arr\u00eater sur une distance plus courte charg\u00e9s qu\u2019\u00e0 vide.<\/p>\n

Est-ce que cela signifie que l\u2019on peut n\u00e9gliger l\u2019effet d\u2019une charge importante lorsque l\u2019on conduit son v\u00e9hicule ? Certainement pas, car si l\u2019effet sur le freinage en ligne droite s’est av\u00e9r\u00e9 tr\u00e8s faible dans le cas pr\u00e9sent, il n\u2019en sera pas de m\u00eame pour la tenue de route en virage. De plus, les exp\u00e9riences ici r\u00e9alis\u00e9es ne constituent pas une v\u00e9rit\u00e9 absolue pour tous les v\u00e9hicules et pour toutes les vitesses. La surface de contact au sol, la r\u00e9partition du freinage, le centre de gravit\u00e9 et le dimensionnement des freins par rapport \u00e0 la charge ajout\u00e9e peuvent notamment changer la donne.<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Remerciements<\/h2>\n

Merci au personnel du Centre de conduite TCS de Cossonay pour son accueil, ses conseils et sa disponibilit\u00e9, ainsi qu’\u00e0 Ford Suisse pour le pr\u00eat de ce Ford Explorer PHEV.<\/em><\/p>\n

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M\u00e9thode de mesure :<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n

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1. Chaque cas diff\u00e9rent a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9 entre 3 et 5 fois en fonction du r\u00e9sultat obtenu.<\/p>\n

2. La vitesse du v\u00e9hicule a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9gl\u00e9e au r\u00e9gulateur de vitesse et valid\u00e9e par le radar pr\u00e9sent sur place.<\/p>\n

3. La distance de freinage a \u00e9t\u00e9 mesur\u00e9e au sol. La vid\u00e9o captur\u00e9e par drone \u00e0 120 images\/sec a permis ensuite de valider les r\u00e9sultats, en chronom\u00e9trant la dur\u00e9e entre l\u2019apparition du feu de stop et l\u2019arr\u00eat du v\u00e9hicule. Calculer pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment la distance d\u2019arr\u00eat d\u2019apr\u00e8s la dur\u00e9e du freinage serait inexact, la d\u00e9c\u00e9l\u00e9ration du v\u00e9hicule n\u2019\u00e9tant pas forc\u00e9ment constante (il est donc impossible de conna\u00eetre pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment la vitesse moyenne durant le freinage). Toutefois, les dur\u00e9es mesur\u00e9es permettent de d\u00e9terminer si une distance de freinage est plus courte ou plus longue qu\u2019une autre.<\/p>\n

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